QIZILMIYA O‘SIMLIGINING KORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) POTENSIAL DAVOLASHDA AHAMIYATI
Keywords:
Pandemiya, vaksinatsiya, qizilmiya, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Glycyrrhizae, antiviralAbstract
2019-yil oxirida olimlar Xitoyning Uxan shahrida insonlarning nafas olish qiyinlishuvi bilan bogʻliq isitma holatlari sonining koʻpayishiga sabab boʻlgan Koronavirusning yangi turini aniqladilar. Koronaviruslar avlodi birinchi marta 1966 yilda Tyrell va Bynoe tomonidan aniqlangan boʻlib, shamollash bilan ogʻrigan bemorlardan olingan tashxislardan aniqlashgan. Koronavirus kasalligi (COVID-19) pandemiyasining global tarqalishiga qarshi kurash, pandemiya boshida aniq oʻziga xos davolash usullari hamda vaksinalarning yoʻqligi sababli qiyin boʻldi. Biroq, COVID-19 ning oldini olish uchun faol immunizatsiya sifatida butun dunyo boʻylab COVID-19 ga qarshi vaksinalarining joriy etilishi bilan vaziyat yaxshilandi. Bugungi kunga qadar yangi turdagi koronavirus infeksiyasi tufayli 6 043 918 kishi hayotdan koʻz yumdi. (2022-yil 10-mart holatiga koʻra). Xitoyda kasallik avj olgan paytda keng tarqalgan anʼanaviy xitoy tabobatining (TCM) qimmatbaho dorivor oʻsimligi boʻlgan qizilmiya oʻsimligi bilan oʻtkazilgan sinovlari COVID-19 bemorlari salomatligini yaxshilashda samaradorligini koʻrsatdi. Bundan tashqari, kasallik asosan nafas olish tomchilari va kontakt orqali yuqadi. 14 nafar tibbiyot xodimi oʻrtasida yuqtirilgan infeksiyalar kasallikning yuqori darajada yuqumli ekanligini tasdiqladi va baʼzi odamlar virusni “super tarqatuvchi” boʻlishi mumkinligidan xavotir uygʻotdi. COVID-19 uchun potensial terapiya maqsadlarini asosan 2 qismga boʻlish mumkin; 1) insonning tugʻma immun tizimi; va 2) virus RNK sintezini, virus replikatsiyasini, inson hujayra retseptorlari bilan bogʻlanishini blokirovka qilish orqali koronavirus xavfini oldini olish. COVID-19 bilan kasallangan bemorlarda “sitokinin boʻroni” deb ataladigan haddan tashqari yalligʻlanish reaksiyasi paydo boʻlishi koʻrsatilgan. Xitoyning Pinyin tilida Gancao nomi bilan tanilgan qizilmiya, epidemik kasalliklarni davolash uchun anʼanaviy xitoy tibbiyoti retseptlarida eng koʻp ishlatiladigan ingredientlardan biri sifatida tanilgan. Qizigʻi shundaki, qizilmiya oziq-ovqat tarkibiy qismi hisoblanadi, bu yerda u odatda Gʻarb shirinliklarida ishlatiladi. Bugungi kunga qadar qizilmiya va uning COVID-19 uchun qoʻllanganda foydali xususiyatlari haqida toʻliq maʼlumotlar yoʻq. Shuning uchun, ushbu maqolada qizilmiyaning foydali xususiyatlari, taʼsir qilish mexanizmi, xavfsizligi va pandemiya davrida uni qoʻllash uchun maʼlumotlar yigʻish maqsadida oʻrganildi. Qizilmiya immunitet tizimini faollashtirish uchun limfotsitlar va makrofaglarning rivojlanishiga va farqlanishiga yordam berishi maʼlum.
References
Ayat Zawawi, Maimonah Alghanmi, Isra Alsaady, Hattan Gattan, Haytham Zakai, Kevin Couper. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria elimination. Parasite Epidemiology and Control Volume 11, November 2020, e00187 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00187
A.E. Gorbalenya Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus–The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group. Nat. Microbiol. (2020), https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862
A.L. Mueller, M.S. McNamara, D.A. Sinclair. Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people? Aging (Albany NY), 12 (10) (2020), pp. 9959-9981.
A.M. Cavanaugh, K.B. Spicer, D. Thoroughman, C. Glick, K. Winter. Reduced risk of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 After COVID-19 vaccination - Kentucky, May-June 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 70 (32) (2021), pp. 1081-1083, 10.15585/mmwr.mm7032e1
B. Lichtenstein. From “Coffin Dodger” to “Boomer Remover:” outbreaks of ageism in three countries with divergent approaches to coronavirus control. J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci., 76 (4) (2021), pp. e206-e212.
Corona-Virus Disease-2019)( Ministero della Salute Il nuovo coronavirus cambia nome, non più 2019-nCoV ma SARS-CoV-2. https://www.salute.gov.it/portale/home.html? (2020) (accessed 18 May 2020)
Committee of Pharmacopoeia of China. Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China 2015 edition. The Medicine Science and Technology of China Press; 2015. [Google Scholar]
Caitlin Monahan, Jamie Macdonald, Ashley Lytle, MaryBeth Apriceno, Sheri R. Levy. COVID-19 and ageism: How positive and negative responses impact older adults and society. Am. Psychol., 75 (7) (2020), pp. 887-896
Cui, J., Li, F. & Shi, Z.-L. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 17, 181–192 (2019)
Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. COVID-19 Dashboard. https://www.arcgis.com/apps/dashboards/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 [accessed January 13, 2022]
Cinatl J, Morgenstern B, Bauer G, Chandra P, Rabenau H, Doerr HW. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus. Lancet. 2003; 361(9374):2045-2046.
D.W. Kimberlin, S. Stagno Can SARS-CoV-2 infection be acquired in utero? More definitive evidence is needed. JAMA, 323 (18) (2020), pp. 1788-1789
D.A. Tyrrell, M.L. Bynoe. Cultivation of viruses from a high proportion of patients with colds. Lancet (London, England), 1 (7428) (1966), pp. 76-77
D. Steensels, N. Pierlet, J. Penders, D. Mesotten, L. Heylen. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response Following Vaccination With BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. JAMA, 326 (15) (2021), pp. 1533-1535, 10.1001/jama.2021.15125
F. Yulia, F. Tanya. Culture counts: The diverse effects of culture and society on mental health amidst COVID-19 outbreak in Australia. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 1–6 (2020), 10.1017/ipm.2020.37
F.Almazán, I.Sola, S. Zuñiga, S.Marquez-Jurado, L. Morales, M,Becares, L.Enjuanes. Coronavirus reverse genetic systems: Infectious clones and replicons. Virus Research Volume 189, 30 August 2014, Pages 262-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.05.026
F.P. Polack, S.J. Thomas, N. Kitchin, et al. Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine. N Engl J Med, 383 (27) (2020), pp. 2603-2615
Fan, W., Zeng, J., & Xu, Y. (Writers). (2020). A theoretical discussion of the possibility and possible mechanisms of using sesame oil for prevention of 2019-nCoV (Wuhan coronavirus) from the perspective of colloid and interface science. In.
Guo A, He D, Xu HB, Geng CA, Zhao J. Promotion of regulatory T cell induction by immunomodulatory herbal medicine licorice and its two constituents. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):14046
HomaPourriyahi, AmeneSaghazadeh, NimaRezaei. Altered immunoemotional regulatory system in COVID-19: From the origins to opportunities Journal of Neuroimmunology. Volume 356, 15 July 2021, 577578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577578
Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl M. Pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and its bioactive constituents: update and review. Phytother Res. 2015;29(12):1868–1886. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (reached at 19 September2021)
Huang YF, Bai C, He F, Xie Y, Zhou H. Review on the potential action mechanisms of Chinese medicines in treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pharmacol Res. 2020;158:104939.
Hong YK, Wu HT, Ma T, Liu WJ, He XJ.Effects of Glycyrrhizaglabra polysaccharides on immune and antioxidant activities inhigh-fat mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 2009;45(1):61-64
Harish R, Chauhan JB. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytoprotective action of ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra rootagainst ccl4 induced damage on Saccharomyces cerevisiae.J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2019; 8(3):247-253,
J. Wang, G. Du. COVID-19 may transmit through aerosol. Ir. J. Med. Sci. (1971) (2020), pp. 1-2.
J. Cui, F. Li, Z.L. Shi. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol, 17 (3) (2019), pp. 181-192
J.C. Perez, L. Montagnier. COVID-19, SARS and bats coronaviruses genomes peculiar homologous RNA sequences. Int. J. Res., 8 (2020), pp. 217-263. : https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i7.2020.678
J. Bedford, D. Enria, J. Giesecke, et al. For the WHO strategic and technical advisory group for infectious hazards. COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic. Lancet, 395 (10229) (2020), pp. 1015-1018
J.B. Griffin, M. Haddix, P. Danza, R. Fisher, T.H. Koo, E. Traub, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infections and hospitalizations among persons aged ≥16 years, by vaccination status - Los Angeles County, California, May 1-July 25, 2021 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 70 (34) (2021), pp. 1170-1176, 10.15585/mmwr.mm7034e5.
JagdishKhubchandani, NirbachitaBiswas, ToheebMustapha, SabrinaTalbert, ShafikDharamsi. COVID-19 vaccination refusal among college students: Global trends and action priorities. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Volume 99, January 2022, Pages 218-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.006
K.G. Andersen, A. Rambaut, W.I. Lipkin, E.C. Holmes, R.F. Garry. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Med., 26 (2020), pp. 450-452
Khan SA, Zia K, Ashraf S, Uddin R, Ul-Haq Z. Identification of chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 via integrated computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2020:1-10.
Kuang Y, Li B, Fan J, Qiao X, Ye M. Antitussive and expectorant activities of licorice and its major compounds. Bioorg Med Chem. 2018;26(1):278-284
L.R. Baden, H.M. El Sahly, B. Essink, et al. Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. N Engl J Med, 384 (5) (2021), pp. 403-416.
M. Torabi-Rahvar, N. Rezaei. Storm at the time of corona: a glimpse at the current understanding and therapeutic opportunities of the SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm Curr. Pharm. Des. (2020), 10.2174/1381612826666201125102649.
Ming Yang YJ, Li-Ping Y. A systematic summary of natural compounds in radix Glycyrrhizae. Tradit Med Res. 2018;3(2):82–94. [Google Scholar]
M. L. Holshue,, Ch. DeBolt,, S. Lindquist, K. H. Lofy, J. Wiesman, P.H., H. Bruce, Ch. Spitters,, K. Ericson, S. Wilkerson, A. Tural,, G. Diaz, A. Cohn, L. Fox, A. Patel, S. I. Gerber, L. Kim, S. Tong, X. Lu, S. Lindstrom, M. A. Pallansch, W. C. Weldon, H. M. Biggs, T. M. Uyeki, and S.K. Pillai,. First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med, 382 (10) (2020), pp. 929-936
M.H. Becker, D.P. Haefner, L.A. Maiman. The health belief model in the prediction of dietary compliance: a field experiment. J Health Soc Behav, 18 (1977), pp. 348-366
Ma C, Ma Z, Liao XL, Liu J, Fu Q, Ma S. Immunoregulatory effects of glycyrrhizic acid exerts anti-asthmatic effects via modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines and enhancement of CD4( þ)CD25( þ)Foxp3 þ regulatory T cells in ovalbuminsensitized mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013;148(3):755-762
A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N. Engl. J. Med., 382 (8) (2020), pp. 727-733
Nazari S, Rameshrad M, Hosseinzadeh H. Toxicological effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): a review.Phytother Res. 2017;31(11):1635-1650
P. Zhou, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature (2020), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 117 (17) (2020), pp. 9241-9243
R.N. Carleton. Fear of the unknown: one fear to rule them all?. J. Anxiety Disord., 41 (2016), pp. 5-21
Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet, 395 (10224) (2020), pp. 565-574.
Stephen A. Lauer, Kyra H. Grantz, Qifang Bi, Forrest K. Jones, Qulu Zheng, Hannah R. Meredith, Andrew S. Azman, Nicholas G. Reich, and Justin Lessler. The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application. Ann. Intern. Med., 172 (9) (2020), pp. 577-582, 10.7326/M20-0504
S. Sanche, Y.T. Lin, C. Xu, E. Romero-Severson, N. Hengartner, R. Ke. High contagiousness and rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26 (2020), 10.3201/eid2607.200282
Sebghati M, Khalil A. Uptake of vaccination in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2021;(xxxx). doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2021.03.007
The COVID-19 epidemic. Trop Med Int Health, 25 (3) (2020), pp. 278-280
T. Steimer. The biology of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci., 4 (3) (2002), pp. 231-249
Probable pangolin origin of SARS-CoV-2 associated with the COVID-19 outbreak. Curr Biol, 30 (7) (2020), pp. 1346-1351 e1342
COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in students and trainees of healthcare professions: a global assessment and call for action. Brain Behav. Immun. Health, 16 (2021), p. 100289, 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100289
Predictors and Dynamics of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Observational Study. J Am Soc Nephrol JASN. Published online September 29, 2021:ASN.2021070908. doi:10.1681/ASN.2021070908
WHO (2020b). World Health Organization, WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard - 09 June. Available at: https://covid19.who.int/ (Accessed 09.06.2020 2020
Wu CY, Jan JT, Ma SH, et al. Small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(27):10012-10017.
X. Li, et al. Potential of large "first generation" human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV. J Med Virol, 92 (4) (2020), pp. 448-454
Lack of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, China. Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2020), 10.3201/eid2606.200287.
YuhanWu, ZhuobingPeng, YongxueYan, JintaoHu, YalongWang, XiaoyuWang, RuchaoPeng, DanielWatterson, YiShi. Current knowledge of COVID-19: Advances, challenges and future perspectives. Biosafety and Health. Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2021, Pages 202-209
Y. Yang, W. Shang, X. Rao. Facing the COVID-19 outbreak: What should we know and what could we do?. J Med Virol (2020), 10.1002/jmv.25720
Network pharmacology studies on the effect of Chai-Ling decoction in coronavirus disease 2019. Tradit Med Res. 2020;5(3):145-159
Chemical composition and pharmacological mechanism of Qingfei Paidu decoction and maXing Shi Gan decoction against coronavirus disease 2019Ng et al 7(COVID-19): in silico and experimental study. Pharmacol Res.2020;157:104820
Yue GG, Chan BC, Kwok HF, et al. Screening for anti-inflammatory and bronchorelaxant activities of 12 commonly used Chinese herbal medicines. Phytother Res. 2012;26(6):915-925
Yang EJ, Song IS, Song KS. Ethanol extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix modulates the responses of antigen-specific splenocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Phytomedicine. 2019;54:56-65
Zhang DH, Wu KL, Zhang X, Deng SQ, Peng B. In silico screening of Chinese herbal medicines with the potential to directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus. J Integr Med. 2020;18(2):152-158.
Zhou Y, Fu B, Zheng X. Pathogenic T-cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storms in severe COVID-19 patients. Natl Sci Rev. 2020;7(6):998-1002
Zhang CH, Yu Y, Liang YZ, Chen XQ. Purification, partial characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;79: 681-686
Cinatl, J.; Morgenstern, B.; Bauer, G.; Chandra, P.; Rabenau, H.; Doerr, H.W. Glycyrrhizin, an Active Component of Liquorice Roots, and Replication of SARS-Associated Coronavirus. Lancet 2003, 361, 2045–2046. [CrossRef]
7. Chen, F.; Chan, K.H.; Jiang, Y.; Kao, R.Y.T.; Lu, H.T.; Fan, K.W.; Cheng, V.C.C.; Tsui,W.H.W.; Hung, I.F.N.; Lee, T.S.W.; et al. In Vitro Susceptibility of 10 Clinical Isolates of SARS Coronavirus to Selected Antiviral Compounds. J. Clin. Virol. 2004, 31, 69–75.
Badam, L. Ammonium Salt of Glycyrrhizic Acid as an Antiviral. Natl. Med. J. India 1997, 10, 98.
Crance, J.M.; Biziagos, E.; Passagot, J.; van Cuyck-Gandré, H.; Deloince, R. Inhibition of Hepatitis A Virus Replication In Vitro by Antiviral Compounds. J. Med. Virol. 1990, 31, 155–160. [CrossRef]
Crance, J.M.; Lévêque, F.; Biziagos, E.; van Cuyck-Gandré, H.; Jouan, A.; Deloince, R. Studies on Mechanism of Action of Glycyrrhizin against Hepatitis A Virus Replication in Vitro. Antiviral Res. 1994, 23, 63–76.
Sato, H.; Goto, W.; Yamamura, J.; Kurokawa, M.; Kageyama, S.; Takahara, T.; Watanabe, A.; Shiraki, K. Therapeutic Basis of Glycyrrhizin on Chronic Hepatitis B. Antiviral Res. 1996, 30, 171–177. [CrossRef]
Wildhirt, E. Experience in Germany with Glycyrrhizinic Acid for the Treatment of Chronic Viral Hepatitis. In Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease; Nishioka, K., Suzuki, H., Mishiro, S., Oda, T., Eds.; Springer: Tokyo, Japan, 1994; pp. 658–661.
Lin, C.-C.; Wang, P.-H. Intravenous Glycyrrhizin Improved Serum Transaminases Rapidly in a Chronic Hepatitis B Patient with Acute Exacerbation. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. Taiwan Yi Zhi 2015, 114, 188–189. [CrossRef]
Crance, J.M.; Scaramozzino, N.; Jouan, A.; Garin, D. Interferon, Ribavirin, 6-Azauridine and Glycyrrhizin: Antiviral Compounds Active against Pathogenic Flaviviruses. Antivir. Res. 2003, 58, 73–79. [CrossRef]
De Clercq, E. Potential Antivirals and Antiviral Strategies against SARS Coronavirus Infections. Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther. 2006, 4, 291–302. [CrossRef]
Duan, E.; Wang, D.; Fang, L.; Ma, J.; Luo, J.; Chen, H.; Li, K.; Xiao, S. Suppression of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Proliferation by Glycyrrhizin. Antivir. Res. 2015, 120, 122–125. [CrossRef] [PubMed
